Signaling approach

Approach to the determination of the optimal capital structure asserting that insiders in a firm have information that the market does not have; therefore, the choice of capital structure by insiders can signal information to outsiders and change the value of the firm. This theory is also called the asymmetric information approach.

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Signaling view (on dividend policy)
The argument that dividend changes are important signals to investors about changes in management's expectation about future earnings.

Variance minimization approach to tracking
An approach to bond indexing that uses historical data to estimate the variance of the tracking error.

Stratified sampling approach to indexing
An approach in which the index is divided into cells, each representing a different characteristic of the index, such as duration or maturity.

Risk premium approach
The most common approach for tactical asset allocation to determine the relative valuation of asset classes based on expected returns.

Residual dividend approach
An approach that suggests that a firm pay dividends if and only if acceptable investment opportunities for those funds are currently unavailable.

Optimization approach to indexing
An approach to indexing which seeks to optimize some objective, such as to maximize the portfolio yield, to maximize convexity, or to maximize expected total returns.

Cross-sectional approach
A statistical methodology applied to a set of firms at a particular point in time.

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Threshold for refinancing

The point when the WAC of an MBS is at a level to induce homeowners to prepay the mortgage in order to refinance to a lower-rate mortgage, generally reached when the WAC of the MBS is 2% or more above currently available mortgage rates.


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