Par value

Similar financial terms

Ceteris paribus
Holding all other factors constant. latin.

Two-fund separation theorem
The theoretical result that all investors will hold a combination of the risk-free asset and the market portfolio.

PARs
Par bonds (PARs) can be exchanged dollar for dollar for existing debt. Typically, these bonds have fixed coupons and a long-term maturity (20-40 years) and are repaid in full on the final maturity. In some cases, the coupon is stepped up progressively over the life of the bond. The debt reduction is obtained by applying a coupon rate on the par value of the bond well below the current market interest rate. In other words, the market value of the bond is well below its face value, because of the ...

Subpart F
Special category of foreign-source "unearned" income that is currently taxed by the IRS whether or not it is remitted to the US.

Spot futures parity theorem
Describes the theoretically correct relationship between spot and futures prices. Violation of the parity relationship gives rise to arbitrage opportunities.

Separation theorem
The value of an investment to an individual is not dependent on consumption preferences. All investors will want to accept or reject the same investment projects by using the NPV rule, regardless of personal preference.

Separation property
The property that portfolio choice can be separated into two independent tasks: (a) determination of the optimal risky portfolio, which is a purely technical problem, and (b) the personal choice of the best mix of the risky portfolio and the risk-free asset.

Relative purchasing power parity (RPPP)
Idea that the rate of change in the price level of commodities in one country relative to the price level in another determines the rate of change of the exchange rate between the two countries' currencies.

Put-call parity relationship
The relationship between the price of a put and the price of a call on the same underlying security with the same expiration date, which prevents arbitrage opportunities. Holding the stock and buying a put will deliver the exact payoff as buying one call and investing the present value (PV) of the exercise price. The call value equals C=S+P-PV(k).

Purchasing power parity (PPP)
The notion that the ratio between domestic and foreign price levels should equal the equilibrium exchange rate between domestic and foreign currencies.

Portfolio separation theorem
An investor's choice of a risky investment portfolio is separate from his attitude towards risk.

PIBOR (Paris Interbank Offer Rate)
The deposit rate on interbank transactions in the Eurocurrency market quoted in Paris.

Partnership
Shared ownership among two or more individuals, some of whom may, but do not necessarily, have limited liability.

Participating fees
The portion of total fees in a syndicated credit that go to the participating banks.

Participating GIC
A guaranteed investment contract where the policyholder is not guaranteed a crediting rate, but instead receives a return based on the actual experience of the portfolio managed by the life company.

Parameter
A representation that characterizes a part of a model (e.g. a growth rate), the value of which is determined outside of the model.

Parallel shift in the yield curve
A shift in the yield curve in which the change in the yield on all maturities is the same number of basis points. In other words, if the 3 month T-bill increases 100 basis points (one percent), then the 6 month, 1 year, 5 year, 10 year, 20 year, and 30 year rates increase by 100 basis points as well.

Parallel loan
A process whereby two companies in different countries borrow each other's currency for a specific period of time, and repay the other's currency at an agreed maturity for the purpose of reducing foreign exchange risk. Also referred to as back-to-back loans.

Non-parallel shift in the yield curve
A shift in the yield curve in which yields do not change by the same number of basis points for every maturity.

Master limited partnership (MLP)
A publicly traded limited partnership.

Limited partnership
A partnership that includes one or more partners who have limited liability.

Limited partner
A partner who has limited legal liability for the obligations of the partnership.

BONDPAR
A system that monitors and evaluates the performance of a fixed-income portfolio , as well as the individual securities held in the portfolio. BONDPAR decomposes the return into those elements beyond the manager's control--such as the interest rate environment and client-imposed duration policy constraints--and those that the management process contributes to, such as interest rate management, sector/quality allocations, and individual bond selection.

Comparative credit analysis
A method of analysis in which a firm is compared to others that have a desired target debt rating in order to infer an appropriate financial ratio target.

Comparison universe
The collection of money managers of similar investment style used for assessing relative performance of a portfolio manager.

Cost of limited partner capital
The discount rate that equates the after-tax inflows with outflows for capital raised from limited partners.

Counterpart items
In the balance of payments, counterpart items are analogous to unrequited transfers in the current account. They arise because the double-entry system in balance of payments accounting and refer to adjustments in reserves owing to monetization or demonetization of gold, allocation or cancellation of SDRs, and revaluation of the various components of total reserves.

Counterparties
The parties to an interest rate swap.

Counterparty
Party on the other side of a trade or transaction.

Counterparty risk
The risk that the other party to an agreement will default. In an options contract, the risk to the option buyer that the option writer will not buy or sell the underlying as agreed.

Formica parachute
Unemployment compensation

Separate Trading of Registered Interest (STRIPS)
Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS) are securities that have their periodic interest payments separated from the final maturity payment and the two cash flows are sold to different investors.

Limited liability partnership (LLP)
A form of the LLC favored and used for professional associations, such as accountants and attorneys.

Limited liability limited partnership (LLLP)
Intended to protect the general partners from liability. Previously, the general partner was a corporation to protect the principals from personal liability. Under the LLLP, an individual could be a general partner and have limited personal liability.

Sparbuch
An Austrian numbered savings account.

Partial Fill
The result where only a portion of an order was filled. For example, less than the indicated amount was bought or sold at a stipulated price limit.

Sum-of-The-Parts-Valuation (SoTP)
An approach to valuing a company in which each business unit / operation is valued based on either discounted free cash flows (DCF) or peer multiples (Comparable companies analysis, CCA). The sum of these parts makes up the total enterprise value (EV) of the company (value of operations).

Principal value
The amount that the issuer of a bond agrees to repay the bondholder at the maturity date. The principal is also referred to redemption value, maturity value, par value or face value.

Back-end value
The amount paid to remaining shareholders in the second stage of a two-tier or partial tender offer.

Going-concern value
The value of a company as a whole over and above the sum of the values of each of its parts; the value of organization learning and reputation.

Terminal value
The value at maturity.

Book value per share
The intrinsic value of a company's stock. BVPS is calculated by dividing tangible capital dollar value by the number of outstanding shares of common stock.

Face value
Alternative name for par value.

Adjusted present value (APV)
The net present value analysis of an asset if financed solely by equity (present value of un-levered cash flows), plus the present value of any financing decisions (levered cash flows). In other words, the various tax shields provided by the deductibility of interest and the benefits of other investment tax credits are calculated separately. This analysis is often used for highly leveraged transactions such as a leverage buy-out.

Value manager
A manager who seeks to buy stocks that are at a discount to their "fair value" and sell them at or in excess of that value. Often a value stock is one with a low price to book value ratio.

Value dating
Refers to when value or credit is given for funds transferred between banks.

Value date
In the market for eurodollar deposits and foreign exchange, value date refers to the delivery date of funds traded. Normally it is on spot transactions two days after a transaction is agreed upon and the future date in the case of a forward foreign exchange trade.

Value additivity principal
Prevails when the value of a whole group of assets exactly equals the sum of the values of the individual assets that make up the group of assets. Stated differently, the principle that the net present value of a set of independent projects is just the sum of the net present values of the individual projects.

Value-at-Risk
A value-at-risk (VAR) model is a procedure for estimating the probability of portfolio losses exceeding some specified proportion based on a statistical analysis of historical market price trends, correlations, and volatilities.

Value-added tax
Value-added tax (VAT) is a method of indirect taxation whereby a tax is levied at each stage of production on the value added at that specific stage.

Utility value
The welfare a given investor assigns to an investment with a particular return and risk.

Time value of money
The idea that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future, because the dollar received today can earn interest up until the time the future dollar is received.

Time value of an option
The portion of an option's premium that is based on the amount of time remaining until the expiration date of the option contract, and that the underlying components that determine the value of the option may change during that time. Time value is generally equal to the difference between the premium and the intrinsic value.

Straight value
Also called investment value, the value of a convertible security without the con-version option.

Standardized value
Also called the normal deviate, the distance of one data point from the mean, divided by the standard deviation of the distribution.

Salvage value
Scrap value of plant and equipment.

Residual value
Usually refers to the value of a lessor's property at the time the lease expires.

Replacement value
Current cost of replacing the firm's assets.

Relative value
The attractiveness measured in terms of risk, liquidity, and return of one instrument relative to another, or for a given instrument, of one maturity relative to another.

Price value of a basis point (PVBP)
Also called the dollar value of a basis point, a measure of the change in the price of the bond if the required yield changes by one basis point.

Present value of growth opportunities (PVGO)
The net present value (NPV) of investments the firm is expected to make in the future.

Present value factor
Factor used to calculate an estimate of the present value of an amount to be received in a future period.

Present value
The amount of cash today that is equivalent in value to a payment, or to a stream of payments, to be received in the future.

Original face value
The principal amount of the mortgage as of its issue date.

Net salvage value
The after-tax net cash flow for terminating the project.

Net present value rule
An investment is worth making if it has a positive NPV. Projects with negative NPVs should be rejected.

Net present value of future investments
The present value of the total sum of NPVs expected to result from all of the firm's future investments.

Net present value of growth opportunities
A model valuing a firm in which net present value of new investment opportunities is explicitly examined.

Net present value (NPV)
The present value of the expected future cash flows minus the cost.

Net book value
The current book value of an asset or liability; that is, its original book value net of any accounting adjustments such as depreciation.

Net asset value (NAV)
The value of a fund's investments. For a mutual fund, the net asset value per share usually represents the fund's market price, subject to a possible sales or redemption charge. For a closed end fund, the market price may vary significantly from the net asset value.

Net adjusted present value
The adjusted present value minus the initial cost of an investment.

Market value-weighted index
An index of a group of securities computed by calculating a weighted average of the returns on each security in the index, with the weights proportional to outstanding market value.

Market value ratios
Ratios that relate the market price of the firm's common stock to selected financial statement items.

Market value
(a) The price at which a security is trading and could presumably be purchased or sold. (b) The value investors believe a firm is worth; calculated by multiplying the number of shares outstanding by the current market price of a firm's shares.

Loan value
The amount a policyholder may borrow against a whole life insurance policy at the interest rate specified in the policy.

Liquidation value
Net amount that could be realized by selling the assets of a firm after paying the debt.

Bond value
With respect to convertible bonds, the value the security would have if it were not convertible apart from the conversion option.

Book value
A company's book value is its total assets minus intangible assets and liabilities, such as debt. A company's book value might be more or less than its market value.

Cash-surrender value
An amount the insurance company will pay if the policyholder ends a whole life insurance policy.

Conversion value
Also called parity value, the value of a convertible security if it is converted immediately.

Embedded value
A methodology that reflects future shareholder profits in the life insurance business. Embedded value equals the free surplus plus the value of inforce business. Embedded value is hard to compare with different companies since each company determines its own input parameters, for example the level of target surplus.

Salvage Value
Is the amount remaining after a depreciated useful life. It refers to the residual or recoverable value of a depreciated asset. It should be noted that the gross salvage value may be adjusted by a removal or disposal cost. This adjustment would lower the gross salvage value.

Extrinsic Value
The time value component of an option premium.