American Depositary Receipts (ADRs)

Certificates issued by a U.S. depositary bank, representing foreign shares held by the bank, usually by a branch or correspondent in the country of issue. One adr may represent a portion of a foreign share, one share or a bundle of shares of a foreign corporation. If the adr's are "sponsored," the corporation provides financial information and other assistance to the bank and may subsidize the administration of the adrs. "Unsponsored" adrs do not receive such assistance. adrs carry the same currency, political and economic risks as the underlying foreign share; the prices of the two, adjusted for the SDR/ordinary ratio, are kept essentially identical by arbitrage. American depositary shares(ADSs) are a similar form of certification.

Similar financial terms

American option
An option that may be exercised at any time up to and including the expiration date.

American shares
Securities certificates issued in the U.S. by a transfer agent acting on behalf of the foreign issuer. The certificates represent claims to foreign equities.

American Stock Exchange (AMEX)
The second-largest stock exchange in the United States. It trades mostly in small-to medium-sized companies.

American-style option
An option contract that can be exercised at any time between the date of purchase and the expiration date. Most exchange-traded options are American style.

American National Standards (ANSI)
ANSI is a private, non-profit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment.

American Production and Inventory Control Society
American Production and Inventory Control Society (APICS) is a not-for-profit international educational organization respected throughout the world for its education and professional certification programs.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is the most common format for text files in computers and on the internet.

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Opportunity set

The possible expected return and standard deviation pairs of all portfolios that can be constructed from a given set of assets.


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