Agency pass-throughs

mortgage pass-through securities whose principal and interest payments are guaranteed by government agencies, such as the Government National mortgage Association (" Ginnie Mae "), Federal Home Loan mortgage corporation (" Freddie Mac") and Federal National mortgage Association (" Fannie Mae").

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Agency sector
Securities issued by federally related institutions and government sponsored enterprises such as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Fannie Mae and Freddy Mac Foundation.

Agency problem
The conflict of interest between principal (e.g. shareholders) and agent (e.g. managers) in which agents have an incentive to act in their own self-interest because they bear less than the total costs of their actions.

Agency costs
The cost of resolving the agency problem. These might include stock options and bonus schemes to managers.

Agency bank
A form of organization commonly used by foreign banks to enter the U.S. market. An agency bank cannot accept deposits or extend loans in its own name; it acts as agent for the parent bank.

Agency basis
A means of compensating the broker of a program trade solely on the basis of commission established through bids submitted by various brokerage firms. agency incentive arrangement. A means of compensating the broker of a program trade using benchmark prices for issues to be traded in determining commissions or fees.

Agency cost view
The argument that specifies that the various agency costs create a complex environment in which total agency costs are at a minimum with some, but less than 100%, debt financing.

Agency theory
The analysis of principal-agent relationships, wherein one person, an agent, acts on behalf of anther person, a principal.

Agency incentive arrangement
A means of compensating the broker of a program trade using benchmark prices for issues to be traded in determining commissions or fees.

Modified pass-throughs
Agency pass-throughs that guarantee (a) timely interest payments and (b) principal payments as collected, but no later than a specified time after they are due.

Conventional pass-throughs
Also called private-label pass-throughs, any mortgage pass-through security not guaranteed by government agencies.

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